You got multiple solar quotes, they all use different numbers, and none of them are comparable.

Each installer uses their own assumptions about shade, your roof, and how your electric rate will grow. We rebuild every quote with one set of numbers that you can pick, then rank them versus one more option: leaving the money invested.

The 30% federal tax credit ended Dec 31, 2025 for solar purchases with cash and loans. A tax professional can confirm whether you qualify for other incentives.

Free Quote Check

Instant. No account required.

Enter the numbers from your solar quote. You’ll see how the price compares with the average for your state, how the production estimate compares with data for your ZIP code, and how the proposed system’s return compares with what the money might earn in the stock market.

Used to look up solar production, the electricity rate, and the incentive programs for the ZIP code.
Electricity use (enter one)

Enter your average monthly electric bill. Monthly kWh is more precise, because the bill includes fixed charges.

Enter the contract total from the quote, not a monthly payment.
System size is listed on the quote, sometimes in watts (7,500 W is 7.5 kW).
Heating system
Cooling system
Utility credit for exported power

If the credit is unknown, the results are calculated at both ends of the export-credit range.

Additional Details (Optional)

Use these fields to improve the production comparison, the roof limit, the size-limit check, and the savings.

Enter the first-year production stated on the quote. It is compared with an independent production estimate for the ZIP code.
Enter the number of panels on the quote. With the system size, it is used to calculate the wattage of each panel.
Enter this figure from the site plan or layout drawing, if the installer provided one. It is converted to kW at the quoted panel wattage.
This figure is compared with the payback period.
Enter the fixed customer or service charge from the bill. It is not reduced by solar production, so bill savings and export credits are valued at the per-kWh charges only. The looked-up electricity rate is an average that includes fixed charges, so this charge is taken out of it. The charge is also subtracted from the bill before the home's usage is estimated. If the field is left blank, the typical charge in the state is used. It is looked up when the quote is checked.
Enter any recurring monthly fee for the solar system or its meter, from the quote or the utility. It is deducted from the savings in every year.
Enter the inverter warranty from the quote. It is used only when an inverter replacement cost is entered under Assumptions, because by default the maintenance cost includes the replacement of failed components. The replacement is then charged in the year after the warranty ends, and not at all where the warranty covers the whole analysis period.
Select the inverter technology listed on the quote. It does not change the figures in this check. It is passed to the in-depth report if you order one.
Per-kWh production payment

Enter a payment made for each kWh the system produces, such as a performance-based incentive, with the number of years it is paid. It is paid on each year’s production, not deducted from the price. Where the quote states only a dollar total for such a payment, ask the installer for the rate per kWh and the number of years.

Utility size limit
Assumptions (Optional)

Each field shows its default, or states that the value is looked up for your ZIP code. To replace a value, enter your own figure. To return to the default, clear the field.

Primary Assumptions

Energy price escalation and the market benchmark have the largest effect on the result.

defaultAccording to the EIA Electric Power Annual (Table 2.4), the average US residential electricity price was 12.52 cents per kWh in 2014 and 16.48 cents per kWh in 2024, an increase of approximately 2.8% per year. This analysis uses 2.8% per year.
S&P 500 (1928 to 2025 average), 10.0% per year. Risk: High. Declines of 50% have occurred twice since 2000. This is the investment alternative. Its return, less tax, is the required return for this system.

Roof

The direction the panels face. The default is south (180°).
The direction the panels face, in degrees, as stated on the quote: 180° is south, 90° is east and 270° is west. Enter a number from 0 to 359. If you enter it, it replaces the roof direction. Leave the field blank if the quote does not state it.
defaultThe roof's slope. The default is 20°, a moderate slope typical of houses. Source: NREL PVWatts version 8 residential default.
defaultLosses from dirt, shade, wiring and other causes. The default is 14%. Source: NREL PVWatts default losses. For a shaded roof, enter the annual sun access instead.
The percentage of the year's sunlight that reaches the panels without shade, as stated in the installer's shade report. Some installers call it solar access. Without a figure, production is estimated with a standard sun access of 97%. A figure you enter is used in its place. Leave the field blank if the installer did not state a figure.

Looked-Up Values

This is the utility's average residential rate where a recent figure is published. Otherwise, it is the state average. It is not the rate on your tariff. To replace it, enter the rate from your bill: the total of every per-kWh charge, including supply and delivery.
defaultEnter the total of the one-time incentives listed on the quote, such as state, city or utility rebates. This total is deducted from the price. Do not enter a payment made for each kWh the system produces, such as a utility production incentive. Enter that payment under Additional details, as a rate per kWh and the number of years it is paid. The programs listed for your ZIP code are not deducted, because they are not on the quote and many depend on household income. They are shown with the results under Assumptions and sources, as programs to ask the installer about.
The source is EnergySage's average of marketplace quotes in the state. In Alaska, EnergySage's national average is used. This value is used for comparison only.
The EPA eGRID output emission rate for the grid subregion that serves the ZIP code, or for the state where the subregion is not known. This value is used to calculate avoided emissions.

Modeling Assumptions

defaultThis period was selected for this analysis. It equals the standard performance warranty period for residential solar panels.
defaultThe median in NREL PV degradation studies (Jordan and Kurtz) is approximately 0.5% per year for modern modules.
defaultAnnual Technology Baseline 2025, residential PV, published by the National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR): a fixed operations and maintenance cost of $29.83 per kW-DC per year for 2024, of which $26.65 is for the system and $3.19 for administration. The cost categories include asset management, insurance, cleaning, vegetation removal and component failure.
defaultNo separate inverter replacement is included by default. The Annual Technology Baseline lists component failure among the costs in its maintenance figure. In its solar cost benchmark for the first quarter of 2023, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory states that its operations and maintenance cost model includes corrective maintenance to replace components, with inverter failure rates based on data from Sandia National Laboratories (NREL/TP-7A40-87303, page 31).
defaultThe typical service life of a string inverter is 10 to 15 years, compared with a 25-year panel warranty. This year is used only when an inverter replacement cost is entered. Microinverters typically have longer warranties than string inverters.
The share is calculated hour by hour from typical usage patterns for the state. In Alaska and Hawaii, where those patterns are not available, 40% of production up to the home's annual use is assumed. A share entered here replaces the calculation.

We list every input along with a source or explanation of why we use it. We don’t sell panels and we don’t give your contact info to installers.

For more detail and to compare quotes, get the in-depth report for only $79.

Delivered within 24 hours. Full refund if you ask within 7 days of delivery. No reason needed.

How It Works

  1. 1. Check One Quote for Free

    Enter the numbers from your quote and see the results instantly. No account required.

  2. 2. Get the In-Depth Report if You Need More Data

    Have more than one quote, a lease quote, or a loan offer? Our in-depth report covers those situations and more for only $79. You can even leave fields blank if you don’t know the answer and we’ll use our data instead.

  3. 3. Take the Numbers and Questions to Your Installer

    Within 24 hours you get a report ranking your quotes, with a target price to ask for and why, and a list of questions to ask your installers.

What Changed in 2026

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act ended the 30% residential solar tax credit on Dec 31, 2025.2 If you buy solar with cash or a loan, there is no federal tax credit. Lease and Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) companies can still claim a commercial credit through Section 48E, but they can keep it instead of passing it on to you. Ask the company whether your contract passes the credit on to you. Always check with a tax professional to determine if any credit or incentive applies to your purchase. State incentives vary from state to state, and some programs have limited funding. We flag programs that may be available in your area. Ask your installer if you qualify. The right solar for you depends on where you live, how you pay for it, and what that money could earn somewhere else.

I built a fifteen-tab spreadsheet to work this out for my own house. I put hours into analysis and research, and still got some things wrong. You shouldn’t have to go through the same ordeal.

I had two installers with multiple configurations of panels and a battery option on each. High efficiency or standard panels? Vertical or horizontal racking? Use the western roof face or leave it empty? Dozens of columns across fifteen sheets, built to make a $45k decision.

For weeks my model told me the best option was worth $98,000 less than an investment in the S&P 500. Every solar scenario delivered negative net present value (NPV). Seven of the eight scenario sheets were subtracting the avoided electric bill instead of adding it, and I hadn’t noticed.

I fixed the errors and the numbers still fought me:

  • A sizing difference of 250 kWh was worth $5,187. My utility pays an incentive only if production stays under 120% of usage. A 38-panel proposal would have generated 1.4% more than that ceiling, disqualifying the system. A setup with two fewer panels generated a little less power, but qualified for the $5,187 incentive. The installer had noted the issue in small print, but sent the quote anyway.
  • The battery option lost $10,238 in every version, because it wasn’t connected to my model! The off-peak arbitrage that would justify it was worked out on a different tab and not wired into the main model. The spreadsheet didn’t compute the number the proposals hinged on.
  • The best answer in the model was a system that couldn’t be built. The south roof fits 32 panels. Every 36- and 38-panel column was unbuildable, and nothing in fifteen sheets recorded that. I eventually got all the calculations working and made the right decision, but it was a slog! Re-ranked against the real rooftop, the 32-panel system I ended up buying was the best buildable option on every metric: highest return, shortest payback, and the only one not underwater at ten years.

I’m a capable person, I had real quotes, it was my own money, and I spent hours on it. My model still nearly recommended the wrong system. That’s the whole problem with solar quotes, and it’s why you need a software tool rather than a spreadsheet you built yourself.

Everything below runs on an engine that checks each of the things I missed, and more.

Where Solar Contracts Cost People Money

Solar is a 20 to 25 year financial commitment mounted to your roof. Most people only do it once, so installers have every advantage over buyers. These are the traps to watch for.

  • Hidden Dealer Fees

    A low rate like 3.99% often comes with a fee the lender adds to your balance. The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau found these fees can be 10 to 30 percent of the cash price, sometimes more than half, and that salespeople often don’t explain them.1 At a fee of 25% of the loan, a $24,000 system turns into a $32,000 loan on day one. That fee is really 33% of the cash price.

  • Increased Payments After Month 19

    Many solar loans were built around the 30% tax credit. The lender may expect you to pay down about 30% of the loan in the first 18 months. If you don’t, your monthly payment goes up.1 That credit is gone for cash and loan buyers, so ask your installer whether your loan works this way before you sign.

  • Lease Escalators

    A $115 lease payment that rises 2.9% a year is $228 a month by year 25. If you sell the house, lease contracts commonly require the buyer to take the lease over or you to buy it out. Ask the leasing company for those terms before you sign.

  • Expired Tax Credits

    The 30% federal credit for home solar ended Dec 31, 2025, for cash and loan purchases.2 If a salesperson promises a tax credit anyway, ask them to put it in writing, and check it with a tax professional before you count on it.

  • Incentive Size Caps

    Some utilities stop paying an incentive if a system produces more than a set share of your past usage. One of my installer’s designs missed that line by 1.4%, and it would have cost me $5,187.

  • Bundled Batteries

    One savings number for panels and battery together can hide whether a battery pays for itself. On my house, it didn’t.

Three Different Homeowners, Three Different Messes

These are hypothetical but realistic scenarios, built from common problems our engine is designed to identify.

Wayne in Aurora, IL: three quotes, three different approaches.

Wayne got three quotes from three companies. They offered different panel brands, different system sizes, and different assumptions, so none of them were comparable. One was conservative about sunlight and showed a long road to positive ROI. Another showed lots of sun, added a little shade, and had a short payback. The third insisted Wayne needed a battery to make the numbers work.

Wayne spent evenings trying to convert one quote’s metrics to match another’s, but didn’t know whose assumptions to trust as his baseline. Every quote seemed wrong, and he had no way to know which one was or why.

Here’s what the tool does with Wayne’s three quotes: it rebuilds them on one set of numbers (same production assumption, same rate escalation, same panel degradation, same shade value, etc.), takes the battery’s list price out of the third quote’s total so it’s comparable to the other two, and prices the battery as a separate investment. Then it ranks all three and adds a benchmark none of the quotes included: leaving the money invested instead of buying panels.

The report doesn’t just say “quote 2 is best.” It says: quote 2 wins on price per watt, but quote 3 maximizes your roof’s capacity. Here’s what that’s worth, and here’s a configuration to request from the installer who wrote quote 2.

Dana in Atlanta, GA: a lease that looked cheaper than buying.

Dana’s lease quote showed a lower monthly payment than the loan quote for the same system. On paper, the lease won out, but Dana worried she was missing something. She couldn’t put her finger on what it was.

The tool takes five numbers from the lease (upfront payment, monthly payment, escalator, term, and buyout payment) and runs the whole structure over 25 years versus purchasing the same system or not installing at all. The escalator, which looked harmless at 2.9%, compounds into the biggest number on the page by year 15.

Marcus in Fresno, CA: the battery that was never given a chance to win.

Marcus lives in Fresno, California, and uses about 503 kWh a month, the state average.3 He had two quotes for the same 3.6 kW system at $2.52 per watt, the average quoted price in California.4 One installer added a Tesla Powerwall 3 at $13,473, its typical installed price,5 and showed one savings number for the whole package. The other quoted panels only, and insisted a battery would never pay off.

The tool takes the battery out of the first quote and prices it as its own investment using his actual rate plan. PG&E puts new solar customers on its Electric Home rate (E-ELEC), where summer evenings from 4 to 9 pm cost 55¢ a kWh.6 What PG&E pays for his exports changes by the hour. It’s about 1¢ at midday in spring, and more than $1 on August evenings in his first three years.78

His house heats with a gas furnace and cools with central air, like most single-family homes in California.9 The battery saves him about $669 in its first year. Over its 10-year warranty, those savings are worth $5,049 in today’s dollars. That’s $8,424 less than the battery costs, so at this price the battery doesn’t reach the required return. The panels-only installer was right about this battery at this price. The report even shows Marcus the price that would change his answer: under $5,049, the battery returns more than the required rate. That’s less than half of what it costs to include today.

An Excerpt From the Report, on a House Like Yours

This is the report’s math on one house in Massachusetts. Our free check runs the same math on your quote, and the $79 in-depth report runs it on up to three quotes you provide. For PG&E, SCE and SDG&E customers, the report also prices each hour on the utility’s time-of-use plan, while the free check uses one rate.

Excerpt: A 7.5 kW Quote in Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cost and production. At 30.43¢/kWh, a 7.5 kW system bought with cash at $2.90 per watt costs $21,750, with no federal credit. The report starts with sunshine data for the ZIP code area, subtracts ~5% for snow covering the panels during parts of the winter, and estimates the system will produce about 9,222 kWh in its first year. The value of that production depends on something your quote might leave out: what the utility pays the homeowner for the power the system sends back to the grid.

Two export-credit cases. If the utility credits exports at the full retail rate, the system saves about $2,577 in the first year and pays for itself in about 8.4 years. Over 25 years it returns 12.2% a year. That’s after maintenance, which covers replacing parts such as the inverter, which has a shorter expected working life than the panels. If exports only get credited at 25% of the retail rate, this system saves $1,576 in the first year and takes 13.8 years to pay back. Its return drops to 6.0%. The hurdle rate is 9.4%. That’s the S&P 500’s long-run 10.0%, less 15% tax on the capital gains. So the return clears the hurdle under one tariff and falls short of it under the other. If you don’t know which rate system your utility uses, the report shows results for both and tells you what to ask the utility.

Comparisons with the market. At the S&P 500’s 1928 to 2025 average return, taxed at 15% on the gains at the end, the same $21,750 would grow to about $204,000 by year 25. The system’s savings, earning that same after-tax return as they arrive, add up to about $259,000 with full retail credit for exports. With the quarter-retail credit, it’s $147,000. At the 3-month T-bill rate of 3.8%, with the interest taxed each year at 22%, the same money would grow to $45,000. Note: past returns don’t predict future returns, and the index has lost about half its value twice since 2000. Massachusetts SMART incentives aren’t included in these numbers, and they would make solar look even better.

Inputs: 8,600 kWh/yr use, 30.43¢/kWh (EIA Massachusetts average; bill savings are calculated with 29.38¢/kWh after subtracting the state’s typical $7.50 monthly fixed charge, from the OpenEI Utility Rate Database), 7.5 kW DC at $2.90/W (EnergySage’s average quote in Massachusetts), no federal tax credit, 25-year horizon, export credit run at 100% and at 25% of retail. Heating and cooling: a gas or oil furnace and room air conditioners, the most common in Massachusetts single-family homes (EIA RECS 2020). Production: NREL PVWatts estimate for the ZIP code area, 1,293 kWh per kW per year, minus about 5% for snow. Savings reinvested in the benchmark at its after-tax return; benchmark returns from Damodaran, NYU Stern, and FRED; gains taxed at 15%. Every figure here is output from our engine.

What’s in the In-Depth Report

  • All Your Quotes, Using One Set of Numbers

    Different panel counts, different wattages, batteries bundled into some prices and not others: quotes aren’t comparable as written. We normalize them, move each separately priced battery to its own line, and rebuild each with the same production assumption before comparing anything.

  • Counteroffers to Take Back to Your Installer

    Our report includes a negotiating column: a configuration and price to request from a specific installer. In my own workbook, the most valuable outputs were panel configurations that hadn’t been quoted yet. The report shows you the highest price at which a system still earns the required return, so you can see the price where the numbers stop working.

  • Incentives Checked Against Their Constraints

    The incentives from your quotes, along with their constraints, and any other programs we find for your ZIP code that your quotes don’t mention. If a quoted system is over a size cap, the report shows by how much. The report gives you the questions to ask your installers.

  • Batteries Priced as Their Own Investment, Not Bundled

    If adding a battery never pays off, the report says by how much, why, and whether adding it later changes the answer. If a quote gives one price for panels and battery together, the report says so and tells you to ask the installer for a separate battery price.

  • Comparisons With Investing the Money Instead

    The system’s cost and projected bill savings compared with the returns if you invested the money instead at the stock market’s historical return after tax. The report states the required return it uses and where it comes from, then shows whether the solar system is worth more than that, and by how much. It doesn’t tell you where to put your money.

  • Buy, Lease and PPA Comparisons on Real Terms

    Give us five numbers from the lease quote (upfront payment, monthly payment, escalator, term, and buyout) and it models what this costs over 25 years and compares it with buying the same system, or not buying at all.

  • Dealer Fees Baked Into Your Loan

    Low-rate solar loans often carry a fee the lender adds to your balance.1 The report shows how much of your loan is a fee, and shows the amount you’ll actually repay.

Our commitments to you: we don’t sell solar panels, we don’t take referral fees from installers or lenders, we don’t send your contact info to installers, and when a solar install will be worth less than the required return, our report will say so.

Delivered within 24 hours. Full refund if you ask within 7 days of delivery. No reason needed.

Before checkout you’ll complete a short form with your address, utility company, electric usage, and numbers from your quotes. Leaving some fields blank is fine if you don’t know the numbers; we have sources for your area’s averages. We’ll show you our standard assumptions and give you the chance to override with your own.

Run the free check. Then decide if you need the in-depth comparison report.

Free check$79 in-depth report
Quotes1Up to 3, ranked
Price per watt and production checkYesYes
Solar versus investingYesYes
Target price for your installerNoYes
Loan dealer feeNoYes
Lease and PPA, year by yearWarning onlyYes
Incentive size capsFlaggedChecked, in kWh and panel count
Battery as a separate investmentNoYes
DeliveryInstantWithin 24 hours

The free check tells you how your quote compares to the average. If you’ve got more than one quote or a lease offer, the in-depth report will help you decide.

Your Other Options

  • Solar Contracts:

    $25,000 or more, and you live with it for 20 to 25 years. $79 is about 0.3% of that.

  • Independent Energy Consultants:

    Billing by the hour, for a single-home analysis.

  • Installers’ “Free Analyses”:

    $0, and they come from a company that gets paid when you buy.

  • DIY Spreadsheets:

    My ad hoc model covered fifteen tabs and took several weeks of nights and weekends to create, and an error in it nearly cost me thousands of dollars. That story is above.

Refunds: Full refund if you ask within 7 days of delivery. No reason needed.

Delivered within 24 hours.

We’re not in the solar business

  • We don’t sell panels or install systems, and we don’t take referral fees.
  • We don’t sell your contact info or send it to installers, lenders or lead brokers. No installer will contact you because of us.
  • If solar delivers less than the required return, our report says so.
  • We list every model input along with a source or explanation of why we use it. We don’t just give you a number.

Before You Order

What do I need to provide?
Before checkout, complete a short form with your address, your utility company, your electricity usage (dollars or kWh), details about your roof such as how many panels it can fit, how long you expect to stay in your house, what other upgrades you’re considering (battery, heat pump, EV charger), how you’d prefer to pay for the system, and any quotes you already have. You can leave blanks to use area averages.
Will installers get my information?
No. We don’t sell your contact info or send it to installers, lenders or lead brokers, and no installer will contact you because you used this site. The companies that handle payment, email and our database are listed on the privacy page.
Why not just ask my installer?
You should, and the report gives you the questions to ask. But the installer picked the assumptions in their quote, and they get paid when you buy. Our report checks those numbers against public sources: NREL’s production model for your ZIP code, EIA electricity prices, and EnergySage’s average quote for your state. EnergySage is a marketplace that installers pay to join, so we use only its published average. No installer or lender pays us.
Is there a free version?
Yes, and it’s a great gut check. The free quote check runs our engine on one quote and shows you the proposal’s annual return compared to the required return, the price per watt versus your state’s average, the payback period, and the source for each figure. The $79 in-depth report is for when one quote isn’t enough. It compares multiple quotes, models lease terms, and adds the renegotiation column and more questions to ask your installer.
I only have one quote. Do I need the report?
Maybe not. Start with the free check. If you get more quotes or a lease offer later, the in-depth report will compare them for you.
How is this different from a free solar calculator?
Many free calculators give you an estimate and then pass you to an installer. Most estimate a system from just your address. Our report runs on a real quote you already have: it normalizes your quotes on one set of assumptions, prices the battery as its own investment, and compares solar with what the money might earn in the stock market. And it shows its sources. You get a comprehensive report and no new installers contact you.
What if the numbers don’t work for solar?
Then you know before you sign a $25,000 contract. If the quote pencils out, the report shows you why, using your own numbers.
Do you cover batteries and heat pumps too?
Yes. If you’re planning to add a battery, heat pump, or EV charger along with solar, the report shows how the new equipment changes your usage and your utility’s system size limit. It analyzes the battery as its own investment, now and if you wait to add it. Electrification can more than double your usage, and that changes which solar system size fits your needs and your house.
Can I see a sample before paying?
Yes. The excerpt above is the report’s own math on one house, with every input listed. And the free check runs the same calculations on your quote right now.
Can I get a refund?
Yes. Full refund if you ask within 7 days of delivery. No reason needed. Email us to ask.

One of two things happens

Either your quote pencils out and the report shows why using your own numbers, or it doesn’t and the report shows what to adjust: the price, the lease escalator, the battery, or the system size. Either way, you’ll have the numbers and questions to take back to your installer.

Both are worth knowing before you sign.

Get the in-depth report for $79
Delivered within 24 hours. Full refund if you ask within 7 days of delivery. No reason needed.

Or start with the free quote check

Sources

  1. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Solar Financing Market: Issue Spotlight, August 2024. Sections “Hidden Markups and Fees” and “Misrepresentations and Omissions Concerning Prepayments.” Read the report (PDF)
  2. One Big Beautiful Bill Act, Public Law 119-21 (2025), section 70506, ending the residential clean energy credit (26 U.S.C. § 25D) for expenditures made after December 31, 2025. IRS summary of the change
  3. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2024 Average Monthly Bill, Residential (Table 5A): California, 503 kWh a month. Read the table (PDF)
  4. EnergySage, Cost of solar panels in California: average of marketplace quotes, $2.52 per watt including installation, as of October 2026. Read the cost page
  5. EnergySage, Tesla Powerwall 3 review, updated May 15, 2026: $13,473 typical installed cost before incentives, 13.5 kWh usable. Read the review
  6. PG&E, Electric Schedule E-ELEC (Electric Home), total bundled rates and time periods, effective June 1, 2026. PG&E requires residential Solar Billing Plan customers to take service on this schedule. Read the tariff (PDF)
  7. PG&E, Solar Billing Plan export rates: the 2026 vintage's export value for each hour of each month and calendar year, weekday and weekend, generation plus delivery. Download the export rate files (ZIP)
  8. PG&E, Electric Schedule NBT (Net Billing Tariff): the 2026 residential ACC Plus adder of 0.88¢ per kWh exported, for nine years. Read the tariff (PDF)
  9. U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2020 Residential Energy Consumption Survey, public microdata, single-family detached homes: a furnace is the most common main heating in California and in Massachusetts, central air conditioning the most common cooling in California, and room air conditioners the most common in Massachusetts. Read about the survey data

The excerpt lists its sources along with its inputs. The $5,187 incentive, 1.4% overage, and $10,238 figures come from my own workbook.